Myositis
Understanding Myositis
When the immune system attacks the muscles.
What is Myositis?
Myositis refers to a group of rare autoimmune diseases that cause chronic muscle inflammation and weakness. It can affect not just muscles, but also skin, lungs, and other organs.
Types of Myositis
- Polymyositis (PM): Progressive muscle weakness, especially in shoulders and hips
- Dermatomyositis (DM): Muscle weakness + skin rash (heliotrope rash, Gottron’s papules)
- Inclusion Body Myositis (IBM): Slow, progressive weakness (often in older adults, affecting both proximal and distal muscles)
- Overlap Myositis: Occurs with other autoimmune diseases (SLE, scleroderma, etc.)
Key Symptoms
- Muscle weakness (difficulty climbing stairs, lifting arms, getting up from chair)
- Fatigue and muscle pain
- Skin changes (rashes on eyelids, knuckles, face, chest – in dermatomyositis)
- Difficulty swallowing (dysphagia)
- Shortness of breath if lungs are involved (interstitial lung disease)
Why Early Diagnosis Matters
- Myositis can cause permanent muscle damage if untreated
- May involve lungs, heart, or swallowing muscles → serious complications
- With early treatment, muscle strength can improve and disease progression slowed
Management
- Medications: Corticosteroids, immunosuppressants, biologics
- Physiotherapy & exercise: Maintain muscle strength and flexibility
- Skin protection: Sun protection for dermatomyositis rashes
- Regular monitoring: For lung, heart, and swallowing function
Key Takeaway
Myositis is rare but treatable.
If you have persistent muscle weakness, unexplained rashes, or trouble swallowing, consult a rheumatologist.
Early diagnosis = stronger muscles + better quality of life.