Autoantibodies & Genetic Markers in Rheumatology
Understanding Autoantibodies & Genetic Markers in Rheumatology
Invisible clues that help diagnose autoimmune diseases.
What are Autoantibodies?
Autoantibodies are proteins made by the immune system that mistakenly target the body’s own tissues. Their presence can help doctors identify and classify different autoimmune and rheumatic diseases.
Key Markers in Rheumatology
- Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
- Found in Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA), but may also be seen in infections or even in healthy elderly people.
- High levels often suggest more severe disease.
- Anti-CCP (Anti-Cyclic Citrullinated Peptide Antibody)
- More specific than RF for Rheumatoid Arthritis.
- Can be positive even before symptoms appear, helping with early diagnosis.
- HLA-B27
- A genetic marker strongly linked to Ankylosing Spondylitis and other spondyloarthritis conditions.
- Not a disease by itself, many carriers never develop arthritis.
- ANA (Antinuclear Antibody)
- Seen in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), Sjögren’s syndrome, systemic sclerosis, and other connective tissue diseases.
- A screening test, further antibody panels (dsDNA, ENA, etc.) often required for confirmation.
Why These Tests Matter
- Help in early diagnosis of autoimmune diseases
- Guide treatment choices and prognosis
- Not used in isolation, always interpreted with clinical findings
Takeaway Message
Autoantibodies and genetic markers are powerful tools in modern rheumatology, but a positive test alone doesn’t always mean disease.
If you have symptoms like persistent joint pain, swelling, back stiffness, rashes, or unexplained fatigue, consult a rheumatologist for proper evaluation.
Early diagnosis = Better treatment outcomes + Healthier life.